Vitamin B1, Thiamine

Vitamin B1, Thiamine

Name: vitamin B1
IUPAC name:2-[3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl] ethanol
Alternative names: aneurine,thiamine
CAS number: 59-43-8
Other names: Aneurin; Antiberiberi factor; Biamine; Betalin S; Betamin; Beta-Sol;Thiamine chloride;3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-iumchloride; Thiamine monochloride; Vitamin B1 monochloride
Molecular formula: C12H17ClN4OS
Molar mass: 300.81 g mol−1

Thiamine or vitamin B1 or thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex.As white or yellowish-white tiny crystal, vitamin B1 is very soluble inethanol, insoluble in benzene. Its phosphate derivatives are involved in manycellular processes. Thiamine is used in the biosynthesis of theneurotransmitter acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. As a nutritional supplement, it could be added in rice, wheat, bread,noodles, milk product, cream, cakes, drinks and jams. It plays a key role in the production of energy from food by actingas a coenzyme for four important enzymes. Vitamin B1 helps the body cellsconvert carbohydrates into energy. It is also essential for the functioning ofthe heart, muscles. It has an important function in nerve membranes and innerve conduction. It could strengthen the immune system and improve the body'sability to withstand stressful conditions.

Thiamine is found in both plants and animals and plays a crucial role incertain metabolic reactions. Body needs it to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which everycell of the body uses for energy. All living organisms use thiamine in theirbiochemistry, but it is only synthesized in bacteria, fungi, and plants.Animals must obtain it from their diet, and, thus, for them, it is an essentialnutrient. Insufficient intake in birds produces a characteristic polyneuritis.In mammals, deficiency results in Korsakoff's syndrome, optic neuropathy, and a disease called beriberi that affects theperipheral nervous and/or cardiovascular system.

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