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Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin

IUPAC name: α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cobamidcyanide
Bioavailability: readily absorbed in distal half of the ileum
Metabolism: hepatic
Half-life: Approximately 6 days, (400 days in the liver)
Excretion: renal
CAS number: 68-19-9
Other names: cyano-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-cobalamin;Cyanocobalamin; VB12; 5,6-d
Formula: C63H88CoN14O14P
Mol. mass: 1355.37 g/mol

Vitamin B12 or vitaminB-12, also called cobalamin,is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of thebrain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is normallyinvolved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especiallyaffecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis andenergy production. It is red and most structurally complicated vitamin.

Vitamin B12 contains the biochemically rare element cobalt. Biosynthesis of the basic structure of the vitamin is onlyaccomplished by bacteria, but conversion between different forms of the vitamincan be accomplished in the human body.

Different from other vitamins, cyanocobalamin,a common synthetic form ofthe vitamin, rarely occur in vegetables. In fact, it only occurs in laver andsea algae. However it is used in many pharmaceuticals and supplements, and as afood additive. That is because of its stability and lower cost.

Cobalamin helps oxidationof several compounds. CoA and the kreb cycle are alsodependent on B12. It helps nerve cells, red blood cells, and themanufacturing/repair of DNA. It is vital for processing carbohydrates, proteinsand fats, which help make all of the blood cells in our bodies. It also assistsmemory.

Lack of B12 results in anemia, constipation, heart disease, depression,weakness, neurological failures, permanent nerve damage, nausea, flatulence(gas), loss of appetite, confusion, weight loss, numbness/tingling in hands andfeat, difficulty in maintaining balance, memory loss, and soreness of the mouthor tongue.

Vitamin B12 is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency, cyanide poisoning, andhereditary deficiency of transcobalamin II. It is also given as part of the Schilling test for detecting perniciousanemia. High vitamin B12 level in elderly individuals may protect against brainatrophy or shrinkage, associated with Alzheimer's disease and impairedcognitive function.

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Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin

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